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Times of India
NEW DELHI: Users should not put their Aadhaar number on the internet or social media just as they would not disclose details of their PAN, debit and ...
UIDAI announces September 15 deadline for telecoms to implement Aadhaar facial biometrics - Biometric Update
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Economic Times
A bank account cannot be opened merely on the basis of submission of a physical Aadhaar card or its photocopy without biometric or OTP ...
Aadhaar In The Dock - The Indian Express
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The Hindu
Two persons have been arrested by the Faridabad Police Crime Branch for allegedly making Aadhaar cards illegally and also changing the names, ...
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The Indian Express
The Delhi High Court on Tuesday sought response of the UIDAI and the Centre on a plea raising concerns about Aadhaar data security and privacy of ...
HC seeks Centre, UIDAI's response on plea regarding loss caused by Aadhaar data leak ... - Firstpost
Delhi HC issues notice in Shamnad Basheer's plea seeking damages for Aadhaar data leaks - Bar & Bench
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Deccan Herald
At present, respective departments transfer subsidies and other benefits directly to beneficiary bank accounts, even if they are not linked with Aadhaar.
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Firstpost
Misra is expected to deliver judgments in cases pertaining to the legality of Aadhaar and whether to refer the issue of mosques being essential to Islam ...
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The New Indian Express
Forget about Aadhaar and biometrics—these are rudimentary prototypes of what the algorithms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have in store for us.
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Hindustan Times
An evangelist urging people to reject government schemes such as Aadhaar, the public distribution system and even adult franchise, has come to the ...
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Oneindia
Besides other issues about the banking, linking of Aadhaar with bank accounts was applauded and criticized at the same time however the ...
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Daily News & Analysis
A division bench of justices SC Dharmadhikari and BP Colabawala said they do not find any legal justification in not quoting Aadhaar while filing I-T ...
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The Shillong Times
But other northeastern states have shown high percentage of Aadhaar coverage with Arunachal Pradesh at 78.9 per cent, Manipur at 81.2 per cent, ...
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India Today
Kerala floods have lost crucial documents like passport, driving licence, birth certificate, land sale deed and Aadhaar card. The Kerala government has ...
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Daily News & Analysis
Constitutional validity of Adhaar: A bunch of petitions moved apex court to examine the constitutional validity of government's Aadhaar scheme and the ...
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Scroll.in
The right to decide against handing over biometrics to the Union government is something that activists have been fighting for ever since the Aadhaar ...
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Wednesday, August 22, 2018
13868 - Aadhaar Articles Dated 23rd August 2018
13867 - AADHAAR ARTICLES DATED 21ST AUGUST 2018
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Times of India
BENGALURU: Former CIA official and whistleblower Edward Snowden has said that the UIDAI has created a mass surveillance system with Aadhaar ...
UIDAI Aadhaar Card Face Recognition feature goes live from September 15: Here are the details - The Indian Express
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Moneycontrol.com
Lenders have called for linking of Permanent Account Number (PAN) cards and Aadhaar cards to ensure that there is no use of fake PAN cards to ...
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The Indian Wire
Individuals providing Aadhaar number as proof for availing new sim will have to undergo a 2-step authentication from September 15. This includes ...
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The Hindu BusinessLine
AADHAAR VENTURES INDIA LTD.has informed BSE that the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company is scheduled on 27/08/2018 ,inter alia, ...
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Economic Times
Once the final NRC has been published such persons who are included in the NRC will be given the usual Aadhaar number as applicable to legal ...
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News Heads
The PAN card will be in digital format and will be issued only the basis of Aadhaar card. However, the newly introduced e-PAN card is for a short time ...
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Firstpost
Thiruvananthapuram: Heartbroken on finding his class twelve certificates destroyed in the devastation caused by the deadly monsoon in Kerala, ...
Kerala floods: Seeing school certificate in tatters, teen allegedly commits suicide - The Indian Express
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Times of India
BENGALURU: An ambitious Medical Council of India (MCI) endeavour to provide Aadhaar-linked unique digital identity cards to doctors across the ...
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Daily Pioneer
With this, the applicants will be able to make payments through multiple digital modes like Unified Payment Interface (UPI) and Aadhaar Pay towards ...
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Bangalore Mirror
Then he said, Aadhaar card must be produced at the time of purchase. People agreed to that too. Then came the game changer. He announced that ...
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Times of India
“The exercise is being carried out, door to door, with each member being enrolled to provide a copy of his/her voter id, Aadhaar card, besides mobile ...
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Newslaundry
Some people have Aadhaar cards in the name of “identity”, while the rest only have their names on ration cards. How difficult it is to live this life—and ...
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The Indian Express
Singh said that his purse contained Rs 2,000, his ATM card and other important documents like driving licence and Aadhaar card. When Singh ...
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The New Indian Express
ALSO READ | How to retrieve lost Ration cards, Aadhaar, Voter IDs and other identification documents. Previously, Muralee was quoted as saying that ...
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Daily News & Analysis
... the security agencies — before employing prospective guards —will be required to carry out background checks like is the norm in police, Aadhaar ...
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Daily Pioneer
... born criminals snatched cash beg from Shanti Devi and escaped with 30000 cash along with her Aadhaar Card and bank passbook, police said.
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Monday, August 20, 2018
13866 - Fingerprints, Aadhaar and Law Enforcement – A Deadly Cocktail Is in the Making - The Wire
Why does the National Crime Records Bureau want to amend the Aadhaar Act?
Various crime databases maintained by the state and central bureaus are being cross-seeded with Aadhaar numbers and demographics, thereby converging the civilian and the crime database via a staged approach. Illustration by The Wire
16/AUG/2018
In June 2018, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) sparked public outrage when its director Ish Kumar made a strong pitch for giving India’s police “limited access” to Aadhaar data for the purposes of investigating crime and tracing unidentified bodies.
This request, reportedly widely, was predictably met with a swift public denial by the Aadhaar authority, with the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) stating that Aadhaar data had never been shared with any crime investigating agency.
How credible is this denial, though? After all, there is evidence from as far back as 2013, before the enactment of the Aadhaar Act, to show that the police already had limited access to the Aadhaar database (often through court orders) and that the UIDAI had helped state police on a number of occasions.
In the last two years, there is more recent evidence to show how police departments across the country want to use Aadhaar. But before we get to that, it is important to understand why NCRB wants to access the Aadhaar database and how it would be able to do so.
Why does the NCRB need the UIDAI’s fingerprints?
India’s central fingerprint bureau is the nodal agency for setting standards, tools and processes for the collection, storage and analysis for fingerprints.
As fingerprint matching is considered crucial for nabbing repeat-offenders, standardisation of fingerprint images and allowing officials to search through them using an automated fingerprint identity system (AFIS) is important. The bureau’s 2015 report traces the trend towards automated searches and less reliance on manual processes. As of 2015, it holds 28 lakh fingerprints of arrested and convicted persons.
What bothers the NCRB the most, however, are first-time offenders because their fingerprints are not available in the AFIS. This is where the UIDAI comes in, because these fingerprints are very likely to be available in the Aadhaar database, considering how big it is.
NCRB’s Ish Kumar explains it the best:
“There is need for access to Aadhaar data to police for the purpose of investigation. This is essential because 80% to 85% of the criminals every year are first-time offenders with no records [of them available] with the police. But they also leave their fingerprints while committing crime. There is need for limited access to Aadhaar, so that we can catch them.”
How would this work though? From the NCRB’s point of view, access to biometric data available in the Aadhaar database through a simultaneous search will likely work as shown in the diagram below.
For this type of simultaneous search to work seamlessly, the fingerprint capture image formats must match with the stored image formats and must be standardised across both organisations.
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Biometric captured
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Explanation
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Standard used
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Finger image
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The raw image of
the fingerprints
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ISO/IEC 19794-4
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Minutiae
images
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The patterns in
every fingerprint
that is used for
comparison
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ISO/IEC 19794-2
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Mug shots
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Facial
photographs
used
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ITL – 1- 2011 (JPEG)
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Crucially, the UIDAI has also used these same standards from its inception (Page 15, Section 9) for finger and minutiae images. The standardisation thus allows fingerprint capture by all existing devices used in Aadhaar authentication and enrollment.
Two types of search
The NCRB’s fingerprint bureau holds annual conferences, which almost always have discussions on Aadhaar because of the sheer possibilities that a potential integration would offer.
With the imminent roll out of facial authentication by UIDAI, and the presence of a large fingerprint database, NCRB believes, in theory at least, that it can tap into the Aadhaar database in order to identify potential suspects (their demographic details and Aadhaar number) if they have latent fingerprints and CCTV mugshots of the perpetrators.
The process by which law enforcement searches for a list of potential suspects is usually referred to as a ‘1:N search’, meaning given a mugshot and fingerprint, the system could provide many potential suspects and their Aadhaar numbers.
These Aadhaar numbers can then be used to query various databases to obtain a detailed profile of the potential suspects, which can then be used to further narrow down potential suspects (often referred to as ‘1:1 search’).
The NCRB’s interest to “limited access” to the Aadhaar database can be understood from the minutes of meeting available from each of its annual conferences.
- The 15th conference on 2013, was attended by the UIDAI deputy director general Ashok Dalwai, in which it was told that “UIDAI would eventually converge with the police department over time”.
- The 16th conference on 2014 requested access to UIDAI database for identification of dead bodies.
- The 17th conference (2015) requested amendments to the Identification of Prisoner Act, 1920 to add other biometrics. It reiterated the request to access UIDAI database for identification of dead bodies and also made the crucial observation that the removal of non-convicts post their acquittal from the fingerprint database must be prioritised.
- The 18th conference (2017) reiterated the amendment to the Identification of Prisoner Act and said, “Aadhaar may be linked to identify dead bodies”.
- The 19th conference, (2018) discussed the need to amend the Aadhaar Act and the Prisoner Act for “identifying first time offenders and also for identifying dead bodies”.
The 1:1 search
India’s state police departments do not have to depend upon the UIDAI at all when it comes 1:1 search. There are already various state and central databases which are seeded with Aadhaar numbers. Hence once the suspect’s Aadhaar number is known, the local enforcement agencies can simply ask the various public entities that own or operate these numerous databases to provide them with the required information.
For instance, India’s state police can merely ask local banks to provide all information associated with a particular Aadhaar number, including linked phone numbers.
This is how seeding Aadhaar numbers into various databases, referred to as “cross-seeding”, makes it easier to create 360-degree profiles, that are available on request for the law enforcement agencies without even needing a warrant.
Hidden backdoors for 1:1 search already exist
In October 30, 2017, the Times of India reported that a missing woman was identified from her half charred body using Aadhaar.
How could the police identify the woman from just a fingerprint? The back-door that allows this functionality is the “name/UID search” feature, which allows printing of an Aadhaar card, for those who have misplaced their Aadhaar number, using their fingerprints.
It is also obvious that a “fingerprint mould” was used by the police, since the woman was already dead. To know the identity of the missing woman, the police department obtained the names of all missing persons as reported in the district, during a specific time. It then used the “name search” feature along with their fingerprint mould to print their e-Aadhaar.
Screenshot of name/UIDAI feature. Credit: The Wire
Automating the 1:1 search
The southern state of Andhra Pradesh, has already created a vast fully interlinked resident database that has merged the crime and civilian aspects.
For instance the local state hub, has information about all its residents, the GPS coordinates of their homes, medicines they use, food rations they eat, what they say about their chief minister on their social media accounts, their caste, bank accounts on which they receive scholarships, pensions and their Aadhaar numbers.
This design allows the state police or any state official to know everything about an Aadhaar number holder by just typing their Aadhaar numbers.
A very similar exercise is under progress in the state of Telangana. The state hub hosts both the crime data and the Aadhaar data of the residents in one single entity called “Integrated Information Hub” and is also managed by the Hyderabad police.
Since the state police runs the state data hub, it also allows them full unlimited access to all the schemes that every family is enrolled into, along with access to authentication logs, thereby allowing real time tracking of the population, if need arises.
Telangana also offers an ongoing lesson on how a civil database (Aadhaar) and a crime database (used by NCRB and the various states) can converge. For instance, not only are the Aadhaar numbers of drunken drivers were seeded into the crime database, their family members’ Aadhaar numbers were also seeded.
Even those who are acquitted would continue to reside in the crime databases, and would be forced to share their Aadhaar numbers and their biometrics and also their family members’ details, until the courts directs them to stop doing so.
Purpose limitation is futile after a certain scale
Media reports over the last two years also indicate that the various crime databases maintained by the state and central bureaus are being cross-seeded with Aadhaar numbers and demographics, thereby converging the civilian and the crime database via a staged approach as described below:
- Madhya Pradesh police mull Aadhaar linking with the crime database.
- Home ministry directs prison authorities to link Aadhaar for tracking inmates and their visitors.
- Hyderabad police seek Aadhaar of those who are arrested, even before their conviction.
- Gwalior police seek Aadhaar of listed criminals in Madhya Pradesh.
- Tamil Nadu police demand Aadhaar from those who protest against bus fare hike.
- Rajasthan police plans to use Aadhaar for fetching data about suspects, victims and also complainants.
The cross-seeding of Aadhaar numbers with digital police systems such as the CCTNS (crime and criminal tracking network system) was something shunned by the initial team behind the biometric authentication programme.
“Nandan [Nilekani] told us that if they allowed us to do it, the people would never trust Aadhaar,” a former director-general of prisons of a large north Indian state told The Wire.
And yet, an early version of the software behind the Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) – a programme that seeks to link the police’s criminal tracking system (CCTNS) with the digital information-technology systems for India’s courts and prisons – shows that Aadhaar was meant to serve as a crucial component of the overall ecosystem.
A screenshot of an initial version of how ICJS would look. Credit: The Wire
The image above is from 2016, showing that the NCRB, which implements the CCTNS and ICJS projects, had hoped to have the Aadhaar Act amended by now.
Parsing the UIDAI’s denial
The UIDAI in its denial asserted that “use of Aadhaar biometric data for criminal investigation is not allowed under the Aadhaar Act” and quoted Section 29 of the Aadhaar Act as corroboration.
The denial thus is limited to access to the biometric data (1:N search) and does not cover other cases like automated 1:1 access or request-based access to other entities. Furthermore, it also does not explicitly deny the creation of parallel biometric databases.
For instance, both the Hyderabad police (Entry 105) and the Chandigarh police (Entry 125) are on the list of Authentication User Agencies (AUA) and KYC User agencies (KUA) AUAs and KUAs are entities that are given access to the central Aadhaar database (CIDR) for authenticating Aadhaar holders.
This KUA access is sufficient for the police of both states to forcefully authenticate any arrestees to obtain their demographic information from the Aadhaar database.
Once KYC authentication fetches the demographic information, the police can use the Identification of Prisoners act, 1920 to obtain their fingerprints in the same standardised form used by the UIDAI to create a parallel database which mirrors the CIDR. The only catch is that unless the Aadhar Act is amended, the police cannot legally store other biometric parameters such as IRIS scans and vein prints. This is why successive NCRB conferences have recommended amending the Aadhaar Act.
UIDAI’s denial might look like a principled opposition, but it is also a reflexive mechanism to ensure that NCRB or other agencies don’t catch onto the fact that there are serious quality issues that plague the Aadhaar biometric database. For instance, biometric mixups affect (officially) nearly 2 crore Aadhaar holders and while the image formats are compatible, the minimum quality of capture for Aadhaar is a mere 52%.
Parallel biometric datbases
While Section 29 of the Aadhaar Act only deals with sharing of biometrics, it does allow limited access to the demographic data by allowing police to become KUA/AUAs and through other means.
The limited access to demographic data also allows the state police to build their own parallel fingerprint databases – something that is currently happening in at least three states. What’s worse is that entries are typically not deleted, as mandated by the Identification of Prisoner act, if an arrestee is acquitted later.
This allows convergence of the crime and civilian databases, as indicated by the-then deputy director general of the UIDAI, Ashok Dalwai, way back in 2013, leading to the implication that this had always been the original design.
A vast database that allows other entities (including states) to build their own parallel (and bigger) databases with parallel biometrics, by design, is exactly the architecture that an all encompassing surveillance state would need. Such an architecture makes the legal construct of “consent and purpose limitation”, as enunciated by the nine-judge privacy bench, impractical and unimplementable by design.
This is why the Srikrishna committee, while recommending amendments to the Act, has kept Aadhaar out of the purview of the proposed data protection bill.
The typical response of the Supreme Court is to issue guidelines that needs to be followed by the state (PUCL vs Union of India, 1996), when it encounters complex questions, such as balancing the right to privacy and the requirements of law enforcement agencies.
But what if such an approach would meet nothing but failure, because the architecture of the project is designed to make guidelines based on “consent and purpose limitation” irrelevant?
While the software revolution sweeps by and eats the world, will it also end up eating the law and weaken constitutional rights? With the Supreme Court set to rule on the Aadhaar case, we will know soon enough.
(With inputs from Anuj Srivas)
13865 - Aadhaar Articles Dated 19th August 2018
How to open an NPS account online: A step-by-step guide Livemint If you choose to e-sign with Aadhaar, an OTP for the purpose of authentication will be sent to your registered mobile number. Once you key in the OTP ... Flag as irrelevant Kapil Sibal pitches for coalition govt, claims violence will continue if BJP comes to power with majority The Indian Express Sibal and Aney dwelt at length on many issues, often agreeing with each other's view rather than differing, except on Aadhaar where Aney said ... Flag as irrelevant Online Tirumala Tirupati seva ticket booking scam unearthed The New Indian Express When they came for darshan, the officials caught and enquired them and came to know that they were actually in possession of fake Aadhaar cards, ... Bangladeshi national with Indian passport arrested The Hindu According to officials, he crossed the border last year and settled down in West Bengal where he was able to obtain an Aadhaar card and a voter ID ... The big news: Heavy rain expected in three districts of Kerala on Sunday, and 9 other top stories Scroll.in Aadhaar programme is like a mass surveillance system in today's times, says Edward Snowden: He added that the Indian government should ensure ... JEE Main 2019 Registrations Will Start On September 01; Keep These Important Documents Ready AglaSem News One of which is the Unique Identification Number (Aadhaar Card Number). To register for JEE Main, the Aadhaar card Number is mandatory. Without ... HIGHLIGHTS NORTH 9 PM Outlook India Jaipur, Aug 18 The government must slap penalty on anyone using Aadhaar data for purposes other than public services, whistle-blower Edward ... Karimnagar Qazi under fire for aiding divorces Deccan Chronicle When I tried to get an Aadhaar card, it was rejected thrice. He holds no valid identity due to discrepancies in documents,” Ms Shaheen added | ||
13864 - Aadhaar Articles Dated 18th August 2018
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Times of India
AHMEDABAD: The Delhi police have recorded statements of employees of an Aadhaar centre, which is running from the Surat Collector's office in ..
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Aadhaar centre employees in Gujarat quizzed by Delhi Police in data breach case - The New Indian Express
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The New Indian Express
This, coupled with the fact that only around 50% of more than 120 crore Aadhaar numbers are 'authenticated', the extent of such wrong and fictitious ...
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The Wire
These Aadhaar numbers can then be used to query various databases to obtain a detailed profile of the potential suspects, which can then be used to ...
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The Hindu
Digital India-2015 Brand Ambassador Ankit Fadia on Thursday said while Aadhaar database was safe, it was imperative that the government frames ...
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MediaNama.com
After the final list of the NRC is published, people whose names are not included in the register will be issued Aadhaar number, in the same fashion as ...
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LatestLY
Aadhaar is a 12-digit c, which can be obtained by the residents of India only. Launched in the year 2009 by the Ministry of Electronics and Information ...
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Millennium Post
NEW DELHI: Delhi has nearly 19,42,681 ration card holders, out of which only 14 cards are not linked to Aadhaar cards till August 10. According to the ...
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inUth.com
Following the anger over making Aadhaar mandatory for availing sale offers to purchase Mysore silk sarees, Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation ...
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News Heads
New Delhi : Aadhar Card was launched in 2009 by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Earlier the card was optional but now, the 12-digit unique ...
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Daily Pioneer
Terming PDS as a “misused system”, it had said that through Aadhaar, the endeavour was to ensure that the real beneficiaries get foodgrains.
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Times of India
Terming PDS as a "misused system", it had said that through Aadhaar, the endeavour was to ensure that the real beneficiaries get foodgrains.
Delhi High Court seeks timeline from state govt on implementing provisions of Food Security Act - Firstpost
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Economic Times
From the drop down menu select 'Using Aadhaar OTP' option. Enter the Aadhaar number in the required field and click on 'Generate OTP option'.
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Times of India
Aadhaar number can be traced with details like person's name, address and date-of-birth. For this, people can visit the nearest Akshaya Kendra ...
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The New Indian Express
“Those who came today along with Aadhaar cards to purchase sarees, have been given a special token, and on a notified day, they can come and ...
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Yahoo News
Dear Mr Narendra Modi,. Here are 10 questions the nation would like you to answer in India's 72nd year of independence: 1. Is Aadhaar safe even ...
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The Hans India
The commission has already directed the centres to take steps to ensure every child get Aadhaar. The commission is also directing the women and ...
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News18
Indian Navy Recruitment 2018 application process to fill 118 vacancies for the post of Short Service Commission (SSC) in Technical Branch (Naval ...
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Moneycontrol.com
Ankit Agarwal. Allowing taxpayers to submit returns up till August 31, provides relief to those have not filed it yet, especially employees who did not ...
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Financial Express
As a result of this, as well as the increased linking of bank accounts and PAN numbers with Aadhaar, there has been a sea change in India's tax ...
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Business Standard
While initially Aadhaar will not be compulsory for identification, families availing of the scheme need to make sure they have Aadhaar registration by ...
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The Indian Express
The candidates need to verify these following documents — admit card, proof of nationality, voters id card, Aadhaar card, a copy of online application ...
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HuffPost India
Na janam ke aadhaar par, na jaati ke aadhaar par, na sampraday ke adhaar par (A king, a ruler, should not discriminate against the subjects. Not on ...
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The Hindu
“People have lost their Aadhaar cards among other belongings. What we desperately need now are dry clothes for the stranded people,” he said.
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Firstpost
While Aadhaar's usefulness in de-duplication cannot be denied, it is also a pain point on the ground. It was meant as a proof of identity but is being ...
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