The roll out of unique identification (UID) numbers to 10 tribals in Maharashtra’s Nandurbar district on Wednesday marks the first step in the implementation of an ambitious scheme conceived by the UPA government. The importance attached to the programme can be seen from the presence of both prime minister Manmohan Singh and UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi at the function. It is to the credit of the government and former Infosys CEO Nandan Nilekani, who heads the project, that the first numbers were rolled out within a little over an year of the inception of the project. The project, named Aadhaar, seeks to give a unique 12-digit number to every citizen of the country in the next five years. The aim is not just to give another official card but to create a data base with the biometric signatures of the people. It will serve as a single identity proof to citizens where there are a multiplicity of them now.
Once the project is implemented it will help to correctly channelise the benefits of the government’s various welfare schemes to the right beneficiaries, especially the poor. It is known that such schemes do not actually reach the intended persons because of bureaucratic hazzles and the existence of many intermediaries. Malpractices like embezzlement of funds, fraudulent actions and even illegal cross-border migration can be checked with the help of the numbers. The scheme will make it impossible for multiple identities to exist and will have a beneficial impact in areas as diverse as the PDS, health services, banking and tax administration. It will also strengthen law and order and national security systems. By enabling millions of more people to come into the financial system and cutting costs it can even give a boost to the GDP. Being a facilitator it will also help the middle class to deal more efficiently with the system by eliminating many cumbersome procedures, as when applying for a passport or a driving licence.
The project also stands out because it is first case of using high technology on such a vast scale anywhere in the world. The programme is a huge challenge because establishing the correct identity of over a billion people and forming a data base is no easy task. Doubts have been raised about misuse of the information and possible infringement of the privacy of people, but with enough safeguards in place, it can be a game-changer for governance.