Date: 29 September, 2010.
Place: Tembhli village of Nandurbar district in Maharashtra.
Mission: Launch of Aadhaar — a 12 digit unique identity number for citizens .
When Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi gave the first set of identities to people of this village, it was the start of identity rollout the world has not seen before — in terms of scale, size, technology and reach.
The largest human biometric database is 120 million in the US. The government’s Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is doing 10 times that or reaching out to 1.2 billion people, with Aadhaar as the brand identity of the numbers issued.
Back in July 2009, technology czar and Infosys co-founder Nandan M. Nilekani was roped in by the government as chairman of the UIDAI with the rank and status of a Cabinet Minister.
He had just written Imagining India and the mission seemed simple: give every Indian a unique identity number. Yet it was more complex than anything that India had ever tackled or the world had ever seen. Indians have a PAN card, ration card, passport, driving licence, voter identity card, NREGA job card and so on.
Yet there’s no single number that uniquely identifies citizens. The bane of all card systems is duplicates, fakes, ghosts of all kinds and impersonation.
Says Nilekani, “Aadhaar will act as the `foundation’ for better delivery of public services and benefits. It will act as an enabler for inclusive growth.’’ It will be used by government and private agencies, like those offering rural employment or providing aid to the poorest, for a more transparent delivery of public services as well as giving easier access to services for the resident.
“The UID project has a potential of transforming public governance,’’ adds Nilekani.
Today, a large segement of the population has no formal identity document. This inhibits their access to welfare benefits as well as participation in the formal economy. Aadhaar addresses that issue by providing a universal, national, mobile identity that can be used throughout the country.
Further, Aadhaar has a potential in facilitating financial inclusion. “Aadhaar-enabled micro payment infrastructure will enable financial access at the doorstep of the resident,’’ says Mr Nilekani.
The rollout has started and will cover 600 million or half the population by 2014. The project is also a benchmark for public-private partnerships, spearheaded by Mr Nilekani with the over 200 people team comprising bureaucrats and experts from the private sector.
The 12-digit Aadhaar number is randomly generated, devoid of any classification based on caste, creed, religion and geography. The number is stored in a centralised database and linked to the basic demographics and biometric information – photograph, 10 fingerprints and iris – of each individual.
Aadhaar is verifiable online, and on mobile platform. The UIDAI believes the technology is robust enough to eliminate duplicate and fake identities in government and private databases. A unique effort indeed.